抗反射层结构平板声子晶体棱镜成像

采用数值模拟的方法，分析了抗反射层结构对平板声子晶体棱镜的透射压力场分布及成像的影响．分析发现：利用抗反射层结构可以减小棱镜界面的反射，提高成像质量，从而增强其实用性．该结论对声子晶体功能器件的实际应用具有一定的指导意义．     

Ag/SiO2复合纳米粒子的超声化学合成

本文中首先利用正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)的碱性水解制备了均匀分散的S iO2微球(粒径约70 nm),然后采用超声辐射与红外辐射结合的方法在其表面包覆了一层分布均匀的Ag纳米粒子(粒径约8 nm).研究了实验条件对产物的影响,并通过透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-vis)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)和红外吸收光谱(FT-IR)对产物的形貌及性质进行了表征.     

定量组织速度成像技术评价左室肥厚大白兔左室舒张功能

目的探讨定量组织速度成像技术评价大白兔左室肥厚模型左室舒张功能的可行性.方法 40只大白兔分别给予假手术、主动脉缩窄和主动脉缩窄 血管紧张素受体拮抗剂干预,于术后4周和8周应用传统的超声心动图方法和定量组织速度成像(QTVI)技术检测不同处理家兔的心脏,测量常用心功能参数,于心尖四腔切面记录二尖瓣口血流频谱,记录心尖四腔切面的定量组织速度成像图像,脱机分析左室侧壁所对应的二尖瓣瓣环处的舒张早期峰值速度(Ve)和左房收缩期峰值速度(Va),并计算Ve/Va.结果左室肥厚组实验8周时,室壁增厚,左室舒张末内径增大,左室心肌重量增加,与假手术组同期和本组4周相比均有显著性差异(P<0.05).伊贝沙坦组实验8周时左室心肌重量与左室肥厚组相比有显著性差异(P<0.05).左室肥厚组Ve/Va与假手术组相比有显著性差异(P<0.05).伊贝沙坦组Ve/Va与左室肥厚组相比有显著性差异(P<0.05),与假手术组比较无差异.结论定量组织速度成像技术能够定量评价大白兔左室舒张功能,比传统方法提供更多的信息.     

一种补偿因子区域不变的CS成像算法

为提高星载合成孔径雷达（SAR）成像的实时性,减小补偿因子的运算量,提出了一种补偿因子区域不变的Chirp Scaling（CS）成像算法. 这种改进的CS算法根据补偿因子的相位误差确定一个更新步长,在每个步长内更新一次补偿因子,即相邻单元内的数据与相同的补偿因子相乘. 利用这种改进的CS算法对点阵目标和实测目标进行了仿真验证,得到的SAR图像质量与传统CS算法的结果相差很小. 这种补偿因子区域不变的CS成像算法在满足精度的前提下使得补偿因子的运算量成倍减小,大大减小了实时成像的压力,能够有效降低星上实时处理系统的规模,从而降低系统功耗.      

Assessment of alternated cooling and heating treatment by US combined CEUS in the VX2 rabbit liver tumor model

Inoperable liver tumors are often treated by thermal ablation that destroys the tumor in situ and spares the adjacent hepatic tissue.Thermal–physical treatment has many advantages,but treatment by freezing or heating alone has some limitations.By taking the advantages and disadvantages of cryosurgery and thermotherapy into consideration,a new thermal technique that combines cryosurgery and radio frequency ablation has been proposed,thereby overcoming the disadvantages of each treatment strategy and improving therapeutic outcomes.This new approach remains to be systematically studied in the liver;therefore,this study was performed to estimate survival after alternated cooling and heating ablation therapy in a VX2 rabbit liver tumor model.Sixteen days after VX2 carcinoma implantation into the rabbit liver,tumors were treated with alternated cooling and heating ablation therapy.Rabbits were monitored for 6 months after treatment and assessed with ultrasound(US)and computed tomography at 1,7,14,and 30 days posttreatment.Untreated tumor-bearing animals served as the control group.Our results show that alternate freezing and heating ablation therapy resulted in a good recovery of VX2 rabbits.Compared with the control group,treated rabbits lived significantly longer(P\0.05),with 70%of treated animals surviving to 196 days posttreatment without metastasis or recurrence,while none of the controls did so.There was no local recurrence in the treatment group.All rabbits in the control group developed metastasis,while metastasis was only observed in 30% of treated rabbits.These results suggest that alternate cooling and heating ablation therapy can prolong the survival time of rabbits with VX2 liver tumors and is an effective method for tumor therapy.Furthermore,we also showed in this model that contrast enhanced US is a valid follow-up approach to assess treatment effectiveness.     

Big data analysis of the human brain’s functional interactions based on fMRI

The human brain is a huge, complex system generating brain activity. The exploration of human brain function using functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） is a promising method to understand brain activity. However, the complexity of the big data generated by fMRI facilitates the analysis of various levels of human brain activity, such as the distribution of neural represen- tations, the interaction between different regions, and the dynamic interaction over time. These different levels can depict distinct prospects of the human brain activity, and considerable progress has been achieved. In the future, more big data analysis methods combining advances in computer science, including larger-scale computing, machine learning, and graph theory, will promote the understanding of the human brain.     

Factors affecting the voxel-based analysis of diffusion tensor imaging

Diffusion tensor imaging （DTI） provides a unique method to reveal the integrity of white matter microstructure noninvasively. Voxel-based analysis （VBA）, which is a highly reproducible and user-independent tech- nique, has been used to analyze DTI data in a number of studies. Fractional anisotropy （FA）, which is derived from DTI, is the most frequently used parameter. The parameter setting during the DTI data preprocessing might affect the FA analysis results. However, there is no reliable evidence on how the parameters affect the results of FA analysis. This study sought to quantitatively investigate the factors that might affect the voxel-based analysis of FA; these include the interpolation during spatial normalization, smoothing kernel and statistical threshold. Because it is difficult to obtain the true information of the lesion in the patients, we simulated lesions on the healthy FA maps. The DTI data were obtained from 20 healthy subjects. The FA maps were calculated using DTIStudio. We randomly divided these FA maps into two groups. One was used as a model patient group, and the other was used as a normal control group. Simulated lesions were added to the model patient group by decreasing the FA intensities in a specified region by 5 %- 50 %. The model patient group and the normal control groupwere compared by two-sample t test statistic analysis voxel- by-voxel to detect the simulated lesions. We evaluated these factors by comparing the difference between the detected lesion through VBA and the simulated lesion. The result showed that the space normalization of FA image should use the trilinear interpolation, and the smoothing kernel should be 2-3 times the voxel size of spatially normalized FA image. For lesions with small intensity change, FWE correction must be cautiously used. This study provided an important reference to the analysis of FA with VBA method.     

时域光学拓扑成像方法的模拟和实验研究

针对现有的以修正的朗伯-比尔定律(modified Lambert-Beer law,MLBL)为理论模型的光学拓扑方法存在量化度不准确的问题,提出了一种基于最小二乘拟合算法的时域光学拓扑成像方法.该方法利用时域扩散方程在半无限空间条件下的解析解和测量曲线实现最佳匹配以计算相邻的源点与探测点之间的待测组织吸收系数变化值.对该时域光学拓扑成像方法进行了一系列的模拟验证,并以基于时间相关单光子计数(time-correlated single photon counting,TCSPC)技术的多通道时间分辨测量系统为平台进行了实验验证.结果表明:所提出的最小二乘拟合算法总体上优于传统的基于经验值光程的MLBL方法.     

超声波辅助提取杜仲皮中的杜仲胶和杜仲黄酮

对超声波辅助提取杜仲皮中的杜仲胶和杜仲黄酮进行了研究.通过筛分和风选方式分选物料,分别提取胶和黄酮,使杜仲有效成分得到较大利用.研究超声频率、功率、提取时间和物料质量浓度对杜仲胶提取量的影响.结果表明,频率40 kHz时提取效果较好,提取量随功率、时间的增加和物料质量浓度的减少而提高.空气压缩机风速为4.9 m/s时,物料分选效果和1 mm筛选效果近似.通过前期分选,杜仲胶和杜仲黄酮没有损失.将杜仲粉碎后,粉末中杜仲胶的含量远小于絮状物中杜仲胶含量,并且先提取杜仲胶再提黄酮,更有利于杜仲胶和杜仲黄酮的利用.     

超构表面设计及其应用

超构表面作为二维形式的超构材料,在分界面处可以对透射、反射电磁波产生特定的相位分布,因此能够灵活调控电磁波前。超构表面的低剖面二维平面结构,在电磁调控领域具有广泛的应用前景,一系列的超构表面应用应运而生。主要介绍了超构表面的设计发展以及其应用,主要包括天线应用、RCS减缩、特殊波束、有源超构表面等4个方面。首先,在天线应用方面,超构表面可用于实现高增益透镜和极化转换功能;其次,从吸波型和散射调控型2种不同工作机理的角度介绍了应用于RCS减缩的超构表面;然后,针对特殊波束,主要介绍了超构表面在涡旋波束和全息成像中的应用;最后,从加载不同有源原件的角度分析有源超构表面的发展,并未来超构表面发展值得深入研究的方向。